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Preface............................................................................................................................... iii
Foreword............................................................................................................................ v
Figures............................................................................................................................. xiii
Tables............................................................................................................................... xv
Summary ......................................................................................................................... xvii
      Technology Applications and Their Impact on Society ............................................. xvii
      Regional and International Effects................................................................................ xx
      Conclusions................................................................................................................ xxvi
Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................... xxix
Glossary ......................................................................................................................... xxxi
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 1
      The Global Technology Revolution to 2020 .................................................................. 2
      Approach........................................................................................................................ 5
      Structure of the Report.................................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER 2 TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS AND THEIR EFFECTS .................... 9
      Technology Trends and Applications ............................................................................. 9
      The Integrated Effect of Technology Development ..................................................... 15
      The Potential Effects of Technology Applications in 2020.......................................... 15
      Summary of Technology Applications ......................................................................... 33
CHAPTER 3 INTERNATIONAL VARIATION IN TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS
AND IMPLEMENTATION............................................................................................. 39
      Regional Variation of Technology Application and Implementation........................... 39
      Drivers and Barriers to Implementing Technology Applications................................. 41
      Problems and Issues and Relevant Technology Applications ...................................... 54
      Country Capacity to Acquire Technologies and Drivers, and Barriers to Implementing
      Technology Applications .............................................................................................. 62
      Determining Country Capacity to Implement Technology Applications Relevant to
      Problems and Issues...................................................................................................... 94
      Summary of Country Capacities for Technology Implementation............................. 131
CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................... 135
      Accelerated Technology Development Will Continue ............................................... 135
      Capability and Need Differences Are Driving Global Technology Revolution
      Differences Around the World.................................................................................... 136
      Public Policy Issues May Strongly Influence Technology Implementation............... 136
      Maintaining Science and Technology Capacity Requires Consideration and Action 137
      Capacity Building Is an Essential Component of Development................................. 137
      Public Policy Issues Relating to Technology Applications Will Engender Strong Public
      Debate ......................................................................................................................... 137
APPENDIX A: BIOTECHNOLOGY, BIONANOTECHNOLOGY, AND
BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE TRENDS TO 2020.............................................................. 139
APPENDIX B: NANOTECHNOLOGY TRENDS TO 2020 ....................................... 155
APPENDIX C: MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING TRENDS TO 2020 169
APPENDIX D: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TRENDS TO 2020...................... 179
APPENDIX E: CREATING NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVING EXISTING
APPENDIX F: TECHNOLOGY AND TERRORISM.................................................. 209
APPENDIX G: SECTORAL IMPACTS OF TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS....... 215
APPENDIX H: INDEX OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CAPACITY .............. 225
APPENDIX I: 2005 FREEDOM RATING FOR 29 SELECTED COUNTRIES......... 229
APPENDIX J: HDI RANK, SCORES, AND DEVELOPMENT INDICATOR
STATISTICS FOR 29 SELECTED COUNTRIES........................................................ 231
APPENDIX K: KNOWLEDGE ASSESSMENT (UNWEIGHTED) FOR SELECTED
COUNTRIES, RANKED BY INNOVATION SCORES .............................................. 235
References...................................................................................................................... 239