본문

1. Introduction .................................................................................................................1

A. Background .........................................................................................................1

B. Methods and Study Questions .............................................................................2

C. Defining Advanced Manufacturing .....................................................................4

D. Overview of Report .............................................................................................6

2. Converging Trends in Advanced Manufacturing ........................................................9

A. Information Technology ......................................................................................9

B. Modeling and Simulation ..................................................................................11

C. Innovation of Global Supply-Chain Management ............................................12

D. Changeability of Manufacturing .......................................................................14

E. Acceptance and Support of Sustainable Manufacturing ...................................16

F. Enterprise-Level Concept of Advanced Manufacturing ...................................17

3. Emerging Trends in Four Technology Areas ............................................................19

A. Representative Technologies .............................................................................19

1. Criteria for Selection ...................................................................................19

2. Technology Choices ....................................................................................23

B. Trends in Semiconductor-Manufacturing Technology .....................................24

1. Introduction .................................................................................................24

2. Global Developments ..................................................................................25

3. Near- and Long-Term Trends ......................................................................26

4. Science and Technology Advances and Policies Needed ...........................28

C. Trends in Advanced Materials and Integrated Computational

Materials Engineering (ICME) .......................................................................31

1. Introduction ................................................................................................31

2. Integrated Computational Materials Engineering: Successes and

Global Development ....................................................................................32

3. Near- and Long-Term Trends ......................................................................33

4. Science and Technology Advances and Policies Needed ...........................35

D. Trends in Additive Manufacturing ....................................................................37

1. Introduction .................................................................................................37

2. Global Developments ..................................................................................39

3. Near- and Long-Term Trends ......................................................................40

4. Science and Technology Advances and Policies Needed ...........................42

E. Trends in Biomanufacturing with a Focus on Synthetic Biology .....................43

1. Introduction .................................................................................................43

2. Developments in the United States Relative to Other Countries ................46

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3. Near- and Long-Term Trends in Biomanufacturing and

Synthetic Biology ........................................................................................46

4. S&T Advances and Policies Needed to Accelerate Development of

Biomanufacturing and Synthetic Biology ...................................................47

4. Enabling Factors to Advanced Manufacturing Success ...........................................51

A. Introduction .......................................................................................................51

B. Competitiveness ................................................................................................51

1. Overview .....................................................................................................51

2. Broad Market Considerations ......................................................................56

3. Location Factors Affected by National Policies ..........................................58

C. National Policies and Investments ....................................................................68

1. Brazil ...........................................................................................................68

2. China ...........................................................................................................68

3. Germany ......................................................................................................70

4. Japan ...........................................................................................................70

5. Korea ...........................................................................................................70

6. United Kingdom .........................................................................................71

5. Future Scenarios and Concluding Comments ...........................................................73

A. Future Scenarios ................................................................................................73

1. Next 10 years ...............................................................................................73

2. Next 20 years ...............................................................................................74

B. Concluding Comments ......................................................................................75